Руководство по безопасности
Руководство по защите вкладов в необанках ЕС, 2026 год
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🛡️ Необанки с защитой DGS, принимающие клиентов
Самый важный вопрос, который нужно задать о любом необанке: что произойдет с вашими деньгами, если он обанкротится? Ответ полностью зависит от регуляторного статуса необанка — и большинство сайтов сравнения скрывают эту информацию. Мы ставим ее на первое место.
Три уровня регулирования
🟢 Полная банковская лицензия
Что это означает: Необанк имеет полную банковскую лицензию, выданную национальным регулятором ЕС/ЕЭЗ (например,BaFin , Банк Литвы,DNB ). Ваши вклады защищены на сумму до 100 000 евро на человека в каждом учреждении в рамках Системы гарантирования вкладов ЕС (Директива 2014/49/EU). Если банк обанкротится, вам вернут деньги в течение 7 рабочих дней.
🟡 Электронные деньги
Что это означает: Учреждение уполномочено выпускать электронные деньги и предоставлять платежные услуги, но не имеет банковской лицензии. Ваши средства должны быть защищены — храниться отдельно от собственных средств компании на отдельном счете в регулируемом банке. Это обеспечивает значимую защиту, но не покрывается системами гарантирования вкладов. Возврат средств в случае неплатежеспособности может занять месяцы.
⚪ Платёжное учреждение
Что это означает: Уполномочен инициировать платежи и временно хранить средства с соблюдением базовых требований безопасности. Гарантия вкладов отсутствует. Подходит для деловых платежных потоков, но не для хранения значительных остатков.
Уровень регулирования по версии Neobank
🟢 Полная банковская лицензия — защита в рамках системы гарантирования вкладов на сумму 100 000 евро
| Банк | Регулирующий орган | Страна DGS |
|---|---|---|
| Revolut Лучший выбор | Full EU banking license via Bank of Lithuania (ECB supervised) | United Kingdom |
| N26 | Full German banking license (BaFin regulated) | Germany |
| bunq | Full Dutch banking license (DNB regulated, ECB supervised since 2015) | Netherlands |
| Trade Republic | Full German banking license (BaFin regulated, Bundesbank supervised) | Germany |
| Monzo | Full UK banking license (FCA/PRA regulated) | United Kingdom |
| Lunar | Full Danish banking license (Finanstilsynet regulated, 2019) | Denmark |
| Starling Bank | Full UK banking license (FCA/PRA authorised) | United Kingdom |
| Varo Money | Full national banking license (OCC) | United States |
| SoFi | Full national banking license (OCC) | United States |
| Nubank | Full Brazilian banking licence (BACEN-regulated since 2018). FGC R$250,000 deposit cover per institution per ownership category. Public on NYSE: NU. Mexican operations via Nu México (CNBV-regulated SOFOM ER). // TODO(verify) — current FGC reciprocity arrangement and Mexican SOFOM scope. | Brazil |
| Banco Inter | Full Brazilian banking licence (Banco Inter S.A., BACEN-regulated). FGC R$250,000 deposit cover per institution. Inter DTVM is CVM-regulated brokerage subsidiary. Public on NASDAQ: INTR. // TODO(verify) — current FGC certificate. | Brazil |
| C6 Bank | Full Brazilian banking licence (BACEN-regulated since 2018). FGC R$250,000 deposit cover. C6 DTVM is CVM-regulated brokerage. JP Morgan Chase 40% strategic investor since 2021. // TODO(verify) — current ownership/governance structure. | Brazil |
| K Bank | Full Korean banking licence (FSC-supervised, FSS-regulated since 2017 — first IOB licensee). KDIC member — KRW 50,000,000 deposit insurance per depositor per institution. Public on KOSPI as KRX:279600 since 2024. // TODO(verify) — current capital ratio + asset disclosures. | Korea |
| Kakao Bank | Full Korean banking licence (FSC-supervised, FSS-regulated since 2017). KDIC member — KRW 50,000,000 deposit insurance per depositor per institution. Public on KOSPI as KRX:323410. // TODO(verify) — current capital ratio + asset disclosures. | Korea |
| Rakuten Bank | Full Japanese banking licence under the Banking Act (FSA-supervised, JFSA-regulated since 2001). Statutory DICJ member — JPY 10,000,000 deposit insurance per depositor per institution + full coverage for non-interest-bearing settlement accounts (決済用預金). Public on TSE Prime as TYO: 5838 since 21 April 2023. Subsidiary of Rakuten Group, Inc. (TYO: 4755). // TODO(verify) — current capital ratio + asset disclosures. | Japan |
| Wio | Full UAE banking licence (CBUAE regulated, since 2022) | United Arab Emirates |
| stc Bank | Full Saudi banking licence (SAMA regulated, since 2023 | Saudi Arabia |
| Meem | Full Saudi banking licence via Gulf International Bank parent (SAMA regulated). Sharia-compliant by structure. SA Deposit Protection Fund cover up to SAR 200,000 per depositor via the GIB licence. // TODO(verify) — current GIB-Meem operating model. | Saudi Arabia |
| ALAT by Wema | Full Nigerian banking licence via Wema Bank parent (CBN regulated, Wema licensed since 1945 | Nigeria |
| Nequi | Full Colombian banking licence via Bancolombia parent (Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia regulated) | Colombia |
| Banco PAN | Full Brazilian banking licence (BACEN regulated since 1969) | Brazil |
| Toss Bank | Full Korean banking licence (KFSC regulated since 2021) | South Korea |
| Bank Jago | Full Indonesian banking licence (OJK regulated) | Indonesia |
| WeBank | Full Chinese banking licence (CBIRC regulated since 2014) | China |
| Zand | Full UAE banking licence (CBUAE regulated since 2021) | United Arab Emirates |
| Sony Bank | Full Japanese banking licence (JFSA Banking Act since June 2001). DICJ member — JPY 10,000,000 deposit insurance per depositor per institution on yen deposits. Wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony Financial Group, part of Sony Group Corporation (TYO: 6758 / NYSE: SONY). // TODO(verify) — current capital ratio + asset disclosures per Sony Financial Group filing. | Japan |
🟡 Учреждения электронных денег — защищены, но не подпадают под защиту DGS
| Банк | Статус |
|---|---|
| Wise | Electronic Money Institution (EMI) licensed |
| Vivid Money | Electronic money institution authorisation in Luxembourg |
| Liv. | Liv. is a digital-only retail brand of Emirates NBD (CBUAE-regulated full bank). UAE Deposit Protection Scheme — AED 250,000 cover per depositor via the parent licence. // TODO(verify) — current DPS scope and parent-licence relationship. |
| Kuda | Kuda Microfinance Bank Limited — CBN-licensed microfinance bank (one of the largest of this licence class in Nigeria). NDIC member |
| Opay | OPay Digital Services Ltd. — CBN mobile-money licence. OBank subsidiary holds CBN microfinance bank charter (~NDIC ₦2M cover, microfinance-class ceiling). Saudi-backed via Opera-affiliated investors. // TODO(verify) — current CBN licensing structure + per-country licensing in EG / PK. |
| Finom | Electronic money institution authorised under EU EMD2. Finom Payments B.V. (Netherlands) is licensed as an Electronic Money Institution by De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB) under the PSD2 framework, operating across EU member states under PSD2 passporting and via group entities authorised by additional EU national regulators. Customer funds are safeguarded under EMD2 / EMI safeguarding rules — held in segregated accounts at partner credit institutions — and are NOT covered by EU Deposit Guarantee Scheme (DGS) deposit insurance (€100K ceiling) or national DGS schemes. The structural trade-off versus a chartered EU bank like Qonto (which holds a French credit-institution licence) is meaningful for operators above the €100K balance threshold. Mastercard cards issued via Finom's EMI permissions or issuer-of-record partners. Verified 2026-05. |
| Now Money | Electronic money institution (EMI) under CBUAE supervision. Funds safeguarded under EMI rules — NOT covered by AE DPS deposit insurance. // TODO(verify). |
| Chipper Cash | Multi-jurisdiction EMI: CBN (Nigeria), CBK (Kenya), Bank of Uganda, BoG (Ghana), SARB (South Africa), and others. UK FCA-registered. Funds safeguarded under each EMI regime — NOT covered by full-bank deposit insurance. // TODO(verify). |
| Mukuru | Multi-jurisdiction EMI: SARB (South Africa), Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, Mauritius FSC parent, UK FCA-registered. Funds safeguarded under each EMI regime — NOT covered by full-bank deposit insurance. // TODO(verify). |
| Memo Bank | Memo Bank holds a full French credit-institution licence (établissement de crédit) supervised by the Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution (ACPR) and the European Central Bank under the Single Supervisory Mechanism (for the larger French credit institutions). Customer deposits are protected by the Fonds de Garantie des Dépôts et de Résolution (FGDR), the French Deposit Guarantee Scheme, up to €100,000 per depositor per institution under EU Directive 2014/49/EU. Structurally a chartered bank, not an EMI — distinct from Tide / Finom / Wise Business / Revolut Business which carry EMI safeguarding rather than DGS deposit insurance. Verified 2026-05. |
| Anna | Anna Money Limited is authorised and regulated by the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) as an Electronic Money Institution under the Electronic Money Regulations 2011. Customer funds are safeguarded under the EMR 2011 framework — held in segregated accounts at credit institutions — and are NOT covered by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS) deposit insurance. The structural trade-off versus Starling Business (UK FCA full bank with FSCS up to £85K) is the same trade-off as Tide — design-led mobile UX in exchange for the safeguarding-rather-than-deposit-insurance regime. Verified 2026-05. |
| Holvi | Holvi Payment Services Oy is authorised and regulated by the Finnish Financial Supervisory Authority (FIN-FSA) as an Electronic Money Institution. Operating in Germany under EU PSD2 passporting. Customer funds are safeguarded under EMI rules — held in segregated accounts at credit institutions — and are NOT covered by the EU Deposit Guarantee Scheme (DGS, €100K ceiling) which applies to credit-institution licensees only. Holvi was acquired by BBVA in 2016 and operated as BBVA's Finnish SMB neobank arm until 2022, when it was sold back to independent ownership. Verified 2026-05. |
⚪ Payment Institutions — Basic Safeguarding Only
| Bank | Status |
|---|---|
| Qonto | Payment institution license (France, 2018) |
| Mercado Pago | Mercado Libre subsidiary. Per-country licensing: Argentina (BCRA-regulated PSP), Brazil (BACEN payment institution + Mercado Pago Banco), Mexico (CNBV SOFIPO), Chile + Colombia (per local regulator). Wallet balances are NOT SEDESA/FGC-insured deposits — funds held at custody banks. // TODO(verify) — per-country licensing details. |
| Ualá | Ualá Bank (Argentina, BCRA-regulated full bank since Wilobank acquisition 2022) + Ualá Bis brokerage (CNV) + per-country PSP licences in MX + CO. SEDESA deposit cover applies to Ualá Bank deposits (not wallet balances). // TODO(verify) — current scheme reciprocity for Ualá Bank deposits. |
| Revolut Singapore | MAS-regulated (Major Payment Institution licence) |
| GoTyme | GoTyme Bank — BSP-regulated rural-bank-converted-to-digital licence. PDIC member |
| Tonik | BSP digital-bank licence (one of 6 issued). PDIC member |
| Up Bank | Up is operated by Bendigo and Adelaide Bank Ltd. (APRA-regulated authorised deposit-taking institution). FCS member — AUD 250,000 deposit insurance per depositor per ADI. // TODO(verify) — current Bendigo capital ratios. |
| Mashreq Neo | Mashreq Neo is a digital-only retail brand of Mashreq Bank PSC (CBUAE-regulated full bank). AE DPS — AED 250,000 cover per depositor via the parent licence. // TODO(verify) — current DPS scope. |
| TymeBank | TymeBank Ltd. — SARB-regulated full bank since 2018. CODI member |
| ila Bank | ila Bank is the digital retail brand of Bank of Bahrain and Kuwait (BBK B.S.C.) — CBB Conventional Retail Bank licence held at the BBK parent. CBB Rulebook Volume 6 Deposit Protection Scheme cover up to BHD 20,000 per depositor per institution |
| Discovery Bank | Full South African banking licence (SARB regulated, since 2019) |
| Bank Zero | Full South African mutual banking licence (SARB regulated, since 2018 |
| Ally Bank | Full US banking charter (OCC regulated since 2009) |
| Discover Bank | Full US banking charter (OCC regulated) |
| Marcus by Goldman Sachs | Full US banking charter via Goldman Sachs Bank USA (OCC regulated) |
| Nubank PJ | Full financial institution. Nu Pagamentos S.A. is a Brazilian financial institution authorised and supervised by the Banco Central do Brasil (BACEN) and is a member of the Fundo Garantidor de Créditos (FGC). Nu Financeira S.A. is a BACEN-authorised financial institution (SCFI — Sociedade de Crédito, Financiamento e Investimento) holding the lending licence |
| Klar | SOFIPO licence (CNBV regulated) |
| Stori | SOFIPO licence (CNBV regulated) |
| RappiPay | PSP under Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia |
| Trust Bank | Full Singapore Digital Full Bank licence (MAS regulated since 2022) |
| Maya Bank | Full BSP digital banking licence (since 2022) |
| Nomo | FCA UK banking licence (via Bank of London + The Middle East subsidiary) + Boubyan Bank Kuwait parent (CBK regulated). FSCS GBP 85,000 (UK) + Kuwait DPS via parent. // TODO(verify). |
| Carbon | CBN microfinance bank charter (since 2018, formerly Paylater) |
| M-Shwari | Partnership product: NCBA Bank Kenya holds the CBK full-bank licence (KDIC member, KES 500,000 cover) |
| Statrys | Statrys Limited holds a Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) Money Service Operator (MSO) licence, plus Trust or Company Service Provider (TCSP) authorisation for the HK incorporation-services arm. Customer funds are safeguarded under HKMA MSO rules — held in segregated accounts at HK-licensed banks — and are NOT covered by the HK Deposit Protection Scheme (DPS) which applies to chartered HK banks only. The structural trade-off versus a chartered HK bank (HSBC Business, Standard Chartered HK Business, or HKMA virtual banks like Mox / ZA Bank / Livi Bank with DPS cover) is the cross-Asia corridor depth and the SMB-customer onboarding speed. Verified 2026-05. |
| BHub | BHub operates as a BACEN-authorised payment institution (Instituição de Pagamento) in Brazil. Customer funds are segregated under payment-institution rules and are NOT covered by FGC (Fundo Garantidor de Créditos) deposit insurance — the structural trade-off versus Nubank PJ / Inter Empresas / C6 Bank (full BACEN financial institutions with FGC cover up to BRL 250K). BHub's accounting + payroll services operate under standard BR commercial-services regulations rather than financial supervision. Verified 2026-05. |
| Cora | Cora SCD S.A. is BACEN-authorised as a Sociedade de Crédito Direto (SCD) — a specialised lending entity — alongside a separate BACEN payment-institution licence for the Conta PJ banking operations. The SCD licence authorises lending products (Cora Crédito) without taking deposits |
| Conta Azul | Conta Azul operates an integrated SMB accounting + banking platform in Brazil. The banking leg (Conta Azul Conta) holds a BACEN payment-institution licence |
| Tiger BBP | Tiger BBP is the SMB platform from UP Fintech Holding Ltd (NASDAQ: TIGR), the parent of Tiger Brokers. Operations in Singapore are under MAS-regulated entities |
Часто задаваемые вопросы
Предоставляется ли в Европе защита вкладов в необанках?
Некоторые — да, некоторые — нет. Необанки, имеющие полную банковскую лицензию ЕС, — такие как Revolut, N26, bunq и Trade Republic — подпадают под действие Системы гарантирования вкладов ЕС (DGS) на сумму до 100 000 евро. Учреждения электронных денег, такие как Wise, хранят ваши средства отдельно от активов компании, но не подпадают под действие DGS.
Что произойдет с моими деньгами, если необанк обанкротится?
В случае банков ЕС, имеющих полную лицензию, национальная система гарантирования вкладов обеспечивает гарантию в размере до 100 000 евро на человека в каждом учреждении, и выплаты производятся в течение 7 рабочих дней. Что касается организаций, занимающихся электронными деньгами, ваши защищенные средства должны быть возвращены, однако этот процесс не так четко регламентирован и может занять больше времени.
Защищены ли вклады в Wise?
Нет. Wise — это организация, занимающаяся электронными деньгами, а не банк. Ваши средства находятся в безопасности (они хранятся на отдельных счетах), но на них не распространяется действие Системы гарантирования вкладов ЕС. Это означает, что в случае неплатежеспособности гарантия в размере 100 000 евро не действует.
Защищены ли депозиты в Revolut?
Да. Revolut обладает полной банковской лицензией, выданной Банком Литвы (под надзором ЕЦБ). Вклады клиентов из стран ЕС/ЕЭЗ защищены Литовским фондом страхования вкладов и инвестиций на сумму до 100 000 евро.
Вернуться к сравнению: Посмотреть рейтинг всех 10 необанков ЕС →