PSD2
Payment Services Directive 2 (Directive 2015/2366)EU directive governing payment services and PSPs; introduced Strong Customer Authentication (SCA), open banking APIs, and consumer protections. Being superseded by PSD3/PSR.
Who's actually big,
by the numbers.
Every EU neobank in our index, ranked by disclosed users, revenue, valuation and assets. Sourced from annual reports, press releases, and regulator filings — not self-reported marketing numbers.
Largest by users
400M
WeBank — roughly 5× the second-largest.
Highest valuation
$75B
Revolut — most recent funding round / listed market cap.
Top 2024 revenue
€3700M
Revolut — annual revenue per last filed accounts.
Largest balance sheet
€180B
Ally Bank — total assets under management / on the balance sheet.
01 — The full table
Every bank, every metric.
Disclosed figures only. Gaps mean the bank hasn't published the number.
| Bank | Customers | Valuation | Revenue (2024) | Total assets | Employees | Founded | Markets |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WeBank China | 400
M
| $30B | — | €80B | 4,500 | 2014 | 1 |
| Nubank Brazil | 80
M
| $60B | — | — | 8,500 | 2013 | 3 |
| Revolut United Kingdom | 65
M
| $75B | €3700M | €20.3B | 10,000 | 2015 | 48 |
| Cash App United States | 50
M
| — | — | — | — | 2013 | 2 |
| Mercado Pago Argentina | 50
M
| — | — | — | — | 2003 | 5 |
| Opay Nigeria | 50
M
| $2B | — | — | — | 2018 | 5 |
| Mercado Pago Empresas São Paulo | 50
M
| — | — | — | — | 2003 | 7 |
| Banco Inter Brazil | 33
M
| — | — | — | 6,000 | 1994 | 2 |
| C6 Bank Brazil | 30
M
| — | — | — | — | 2018 | 1 |
| M-Shwari Kenya | 30
M
| — | — | — | — | 2012 | 1 |
| Banco PAN Brazil | 28
M
| — | — | €8B | 4,500 | 1969 | 1 |
| Kakao Bank Korea | 24
M
| $12B | — | — | 1,500 | 2017 | 1 |
| Chime United States | 22
M
| $25B | — | — | 1,300 | 2013 | 1 |
| Nequi Colombia | 17
M
| — | — | — | — | 2016 | 1 |
| Wise United Kingdom | 15.6
M
| $8.6B | €2190M | — | 6,500 | 2011 | 160 |
| Rakuten Bank Japan | 14
M
| $5B | — | — | 800 | 2001 | 1 |
| Mukuru South Africa | 14
M
| — | — | — | 2,000 | 2004 | 7 |
| Monzo United Kingdom | 12.2
M
| $5.9B | €1410M | €19.5B | 3,800 | 2015 | 2 |
| bunq Netherlands | 12
M
| $1.9B | €210M | — | 700 | 2012 | 30 |
| stc Bank Saudi Arabia | 12
M
| — | — | — | — | 2017 | 1 |
| K Bank Korea | 11
M
| $4B | — | — | 700 | 2017 | 1 |
| Ally Bank United States | 11
M
| — | — | €180B | 11,000 | 2009 | 1 |
| Toss Bank South Korea | 11
M
| $9B | — | — | 2,000 | 2021 | 1 |
| Trade Republic Germany | 10
M
| $14.7B | — | — | 1,320 | 2015 | 17 |
| SoFi United States | 10
M
| $12B | — | — | 4,500 | 2011 | 1 |
| Ualá Argentina | 9
M
| $2.5B | — | — | 1,500 | 2017 | 3 |
| TymeBank South Africa | 9
M
| $1.5B | — | — | 1,200 | 2018 | 1 |
| Bank Jago Indonesia | 9
M
| $2B | — | — | — | 2021 | 1 |
| N26 Germany | 8
M
| $9B | €450M | — | 1,810 | 2013 | 24 |
| Varo Money United States | 7
M
| $2.5B | — | — | 800 | 2015 | 1 |
| Kuda Nigeria | 7
M
| $0.5B | — | — | 600 | 2019 | 2 |
| GoTyme Philippines | 6
M
| — | — | — | 1,500 | 2022 | 1 |
| Discover Bank United States | 5
M
| — | — | €130B | 21,000 | 1911 | 1 |
| RappiPay Colombia | 5
M
| — | — | — | — | 2020 | 1 |
| Maya Bank Philippines | 5
M
| — | — | — | — | 2022 | 1 |
| Chipper Cash Nigeria | 5
M
| $2B | — | — | — | 2018 | 9 |
| Starling Bank United Kingdom | 4.6
M
| $3.5B | €838M | €17.2B | 2,957 | 2014 | 1 |
| Marcus by Goldman Sachs United States | 4
M
| — | — | — | — | 2016 | 1 |
| Nubank PJ São Paulo | 3
M
| $50B | — | — | 8,000 | 2013 | 3 |
| Stori Mexico | 3
M
| $1.2B | — | — | — | 2018 | 1 |
| Sony Bank Japan | 1.6
M
| — | — | — | 600 | 2001 | 1 |
| Revolut Singapore Singapore | 1.5
M
| — | — | — | — | 2019 | 4 |
| Tonik Philippines | 1.5
M
| — | — | — | — | 2020 | 1 |
| Discovery Bank South Africa | 1.5
M
| — | — | — | — | 2019 | 1 |
| ALAT by Wema Nigeria | 1.5
M
| — | — | — | — | 2017 | 1 |
| Klar Mexico | 1.5
M
| — | — | — | — | 2019 | 1 |
| Lunar Denmark | 1
M
| $2.2B | — | €1.55B | 586 | 2015 | 3 |
| Up Bank Australia | 1
M
| — | — | — | 60 | 2018 | 1 |
| Carbon Nigeria | 1
M
| — | — | — | — | 2012 | 1 |
| Trust Bank Singapore | 0.8
M
| — | — | — | — | 2022 | 1 |
| Bluevine United States | 0.75
M
| $0.6B | — | — | 543 | 2013 | 1 |
| Qonto France | 0.6
M
| $5B | €449M | — | 1,600 | 2017 | 8 |
| Tide London | 0.6
M
| $0.65B | — | — | 1,500 | 2015 | 2 |
| Lili United States | 0.6
M
| — | — | — | 182 | 2018 | 1 |
| Vivid Money Germany | 0.5
M
| $0.75B | — | — | 300 | 2019 | 5 |
| Liv. United Arab Emirates | 0.5
M
| — | — | — | — | 2017 | 1 |
| Mashreq Neo United Arab Emirates | 0.4
M
| — | — | — | — | 2017 | 1 |
| Bank Zero South Africa | 0.4
M
| — | — | — | — | 2018 | 1 |
| Cora São Paulo | 0.3
M
| — | — | — | 500 | 2019 | 1 |
| Novo United States | 0.25
M
| $0.7B | — | — | — | 2018 | 1 |
| Mercury United States | 0.2
M
| $1.6B | — | — | 700 | 2017 | 1 |
| Holvi Helsinki | 0.2
M
| — | — | — | 150 | 2011 | 2 |
| Finom Amsterdam | 0.1
M
| — | — | — | 500 | 2019 | 7 |
| Airwallex Melbourne | 0.1
M
| $5.6B | — | — | 1,700 | 2015 | 50 |
| Anna London | 0.1
M
| — | — | — | 250 | 2017 | 1 |
| Conta Azul Joinville | 0.1
M
| — | — | — | 400 | 2012 | 1 |
| Aspire Singapore | 0.05
M
| — | — | — | 600 | 2018 | 8 |
| Penta Berlin | 0.05
M
| — | — | — | 100 | 2017 | 1 |
| Ramp New York | 0.03
M
| $13B | — | — | 700 | 2019 | 1 |
| BHub São Paulo | 0.005
M
| — | — | — | 200 | 2020 | 1 |
Sources: annual reports, press releases, Companies House / Bundesanzeiger filings, and verified industry-press disclosures. Last verified 11 March 2026.
02 — How to read this
Big ≠ safe. Small ≠ suspect.
What scale tells you
Higher customer base = more regulatory scrutiny, more tested compliance processes, and typically more published accounts. In the EU, every entity above 1M EU customers is under direct ECB supervision regardless of national regulator.
WeBank and Nubank are the two institutions you can assume a regulator is actively watching at any time.
What scale does not tell you
Valuation is not balance-sheet strength. A $45B neobank with 52M customers can still fail; a €1B one with 2M can be over-capitalised. For failure risk, look at licence class (full-bank vs EMI), capital ratios, and DGS membership — not headlines.
See the Deposit Protection Tracker for the only metric that legally protects you in a failure scenario.
Regulatory landscape · EU
The EU rules our performance scoring measures against.
Every neobank in this ranking is regulated under one of these five EU frameworks. Cards link directly to the EUR-Lex / Commission source text.
PSD3
Third Payment Services Directive (provisional agreement)Successor framework to PSD2. EU Parliament and Council reached provisional political agreement 27 November 2025. Extends Verification of Payee (VoP) to all credit transfers; mandates fraud-data sharing between PSPs.
DORA
Digital Operational Resilience Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2554)ICT risk-management and incident-reporting framework for EU financial entities. In force since 17 January 2025.
AMLR / AMLD6
EU Anti-Money-Laundering Package: AML Regulation + 6th AML Directive + AMLASingle AML rulebook + EU AML Authority (AMLA, HQ Frankfurt, operational 2025). 6th AML Directive transposed 2025–2027; AMLR directly applicable from July 2027.
MiCAR
Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (EU) 2023/1114EU framework for crypto-asset issuers + CASPs. Transitional period through end-2025; full effect from Jan 2026. Required for any neobank offering crypto trading (Revolut, Vivid Money, Lunar, Bitpanda).