PSD2
Payment Services Directive 2 (Directive 2015/2366)EU directive governing payment services and PSPs; introduced Strong Customer Authentication (SCA), open banking APIs, and consumer protections. Being superseded by PSD3/PSR.
Deep accounting integration (DATEV, Xero, QuickBooks, Sage), proper invoicing, multi-user roles. The SME default in the index.
Multi-currency receiving accounts in 10+ currencies. Invoicing, batch payments, mid-market FX. Pair with a DGS bank.
Every neobank in this ranking is regulated under one of these five EU frameworks. Cards link directly to the EUR-Lex / Commission source text.
EU directive governing payment services and PSPs; introduced Strong Customer Authentication (SCA), open banking APIs, and consumer protections. Being superseded by PSD3/PSR.
Successor framework to PSD2. EU Parliament and Council reached provisional political agreement 27 November 2025. Extends Verification of Payee (VoP) to all credit transfers; mandates fraud-data sharing between PSPs.
ICT risk-management and incident-reporting framework for EU financial entities. In force since 17 January 2025.
Single AML rulebook + EU AML Authority (AMLA, HQ Frankfurt, operational 2025). 6th AML Directive transposed 2025–2027; AMLR directly applicable from July 2027.
EU framework for crypto-asset issuers + CASPs. Transitional period through end-2025; full effect from Jan 2026. Required for any neobank offering crypto trading (Revolut, Vivid Money, Lunar, Bitpanda).